Standing majestically on the Giza Plateau, the Pyramids of Giza – Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure – are the last remaining wonders of the ancient world. Guarded by the enigmatic Great Sphinx, these colossal structures are a testament to the engineering prowess and spiritual beliefs of the ancient Egyptians. Visitors can explore the interior of some pyramids, marvel at the sheer scale, and reflect on millennia of history. A camel ride offers a classic desert experience with iconic photo opportunities.

Located in Tahrir Square, the Egyptian Museum houses the world's most extensive collection of ancient Egyptian artifacts. Its vibrant halls display over 120,000 items, including the spectacular treasures of Tutankhamun, royal mummies, and an astonishing array of statues, jewelry, and sarcophagi. While some exhibits are moving to the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM), the original museum remains an essential visit for its historical significance and vast collection.

Step into the vibrant chaos of Khan el-Khalili, a historic souk (market) dating back to the 14th century. This bustling labyrinth of narrow alleyways is a treasure trove of traditional Egyptian goods, from spices and perfumes to intricate jewelry, handmade crafts, and exquisite textiles. Engage in friendly bargaining, sip strong mint tea at an authentic coffeehouse like El-Fishawi, and soak in the timeless atmosphere of this iconic market.

Discover a serene and historically rich part of Cairo in the Coptic Quarter, home to some of the world's oldest Christian churches. Explore the Hanging Church (Saint Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church), built over the Roman fortress of Babylon, and the Ben Ezra Synagogue, believed to be where baby Moses was found. This area offers a peaceful retreat and a fascinating glimpse into Egypt's diverse religious history.

Perched atop Mokattam Hill, the Citadel of Salah al-Din offers panoramic views of Cairo and is a significant landmark. Built by the Ayyubid ruler Saladin in the 12th century, it served as the seat of Egyptian government for nearly 700 years. Its most prominent feature is the stunning Mosque of Muhammad Ali, an Ottoman-style mosque with soaring minarets and an opulent interior.

Dominating the skyline from within the Saladin Citadel, the Mosque of Muhammad Ali is an architectural masterpiece. Commissioned by Muhammad Ali Pasha between 1830 and 1848, its design is reminiscent of Istanbul's Blue Mosque, featuring a magnificent dome, towering minarets, and interiors adorned with alabaster. It's an active mosque, so respectful dress is required.

A UNESCO World Heritage site, Islamic Cairo is a living museum of historic mosques, madrasas, and traditional houses. Wander through its narrow streets, discover architectural gems like the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, one of the oldest and largest mosques in Cairo, and the historic Bab Zuwayla gate. This area offers an authentic glimpse into the city's medieval past and vibrant Islamic heritage.

A trip to Cairo is incomplete without experiencing the majestic Nile River. Whether it's a short felucca ride (traditional sailboat) at sunset or a dinner cruise with live entertainment, gliding on the Nile offers a serene escape from the city's hustle. Enjoy breathtaking views of Cairo's skyline, especially at dusk when the city lights twinkle and historical landmarks are beautifully illuminated.

For those seeking to explore pyramids beyond Giza, the Dahshur Necropolis offers a fascinating journey into pyramid evolution. Home to the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid, constructed by King Sneferu, these sites predate the Giza pyramids and showcase early attempts at pyramid building. The Red Pyramid is particularly noteworthy as the world's first true smooth-sided pyramid, and visitors can often enter its interior without the crowds found at Giza.

Saqqara is an extensive ancient burial ground, perhaps best known for the Step Pyramid of Djoser, considered the world's first stone building and an architectural marvel. This vast archaeological site reveals a landscape dotted with mastabas, tombs, and temples, offering profound insights into the Old Kingdom. Visitors can explore intricate hieroglyphs and vibrant wall paintings in tombs like those of Mereruka and Kagemni, providing a deeper understanding of ancient Egyptian daily life and beliefs.